時間:2023-03-07 15:15:53
序論:在您撰寫初中英語說課稿時,參考他人的優秀作品可以開闊視野,小編為您整理的7篇范文,希望這些建議能夠激發您的創作熱情,引導您走向新的創作高度。
Good morning, dear judges, my name is jiangli. It is my great honor to stand here to interpret my lesson. My presentation consists of the following parts: analysis of teaching content, analysis of students, teaching aims, teaching key and difficult points, teaching methods, teaching aids, teaching procedures, summaryand homework and finally blackboarddesign.
1. Analysis of teaching content
Let me start with analysis of teaching content. The topic of this passage is ......After learning this passage, students are able to.....also, students can......
2. Analysis ofstudents
Secondly, let’s talk about the ss. Ss in junior middle school......
(1) Existing knowledge and ability: have already mastered certain words and phrase/ have already learned the grammar
(2) Cognitiveandthinkingcharacteristics:areactive,curiousandinterestedin, but they may havedifficulties
in.....
(3) Life or daily experience: are familiar with this experience/ haveexperienced......
(4) Hobbies and interests: will be excited about this topic, and willing to express themselves/ participate in classroomactivities
3. Teaching aims
According to the new curriculum standard in English, the lesson adopts a three dimensional teaching aim.
(1) Knowledge aim
By the end of the lesson, ss will be able to
A. Master thegrammar...()
B. Expand their vocabularyabout...
C. Express themselves with correctpronunciation....
D. Get familiar with the topic of...
(2) Abilityaim
By the end of the lesson, ss will be able to
A. Improve their listening/speaking/reading/writing skills
B. Use skimming to get the main idea, and scanning to locate specificinformation
C. Use...tocommunicate/useto solveproblems/
(3) Emotionalaim
By the end of the lesson, ss will be able to
A. Improve their interest inEnglish
B. Improve their sense ofcooperation
C. Understand the culture differences in....../get closetotheculture and broaden theirhorizons
4. Teaching key and difficultpoints
Thekeypointistoleadsstofindoutthestructureof/ to form the habit of reading inchunks
The difficult point is to help students use ....to...in their daily life./ have a better understanding of cooperationand loveto share resources withothers(品德方面的)
5. Teaching methods
In this lesson, I will mainly use......
A. communicative languageapproach
B. Situational teachingmethod
C. Audio-lingual teachingmethod
D. Task-based teachingmethod
E. Inductive teachingmethod
I think in this way, students can ......
6. Teaching aids
To interest my ss, i will use ... as my teaching aids.
A. (Realobject)
B. (teaching materials) Pictures, word cards,video
C. (activity) Preview,survey,questionnaire
7. Teachingprocedures
Listening
Let’s come to the most important part of the lesson, the analysis of teaching procedures. It can be divided into 5 steps,that is, warming-up, pre-listening, while-listening, post-listening and summary and homework.
Warming-up
In this period, i will....and after..., i will ask ss ...question1..question2, and then tell ss this song is about ....
(1) Thematically: This song/video/ these pictures is closely related to the topic of this lesson. /ss can have a primary understanding of thetopic
(2) Affectively, ...so students would be highly motivated/ be very glad to pay their attentiontothis lesson/ ss’s interests will be aroused and attention can beattracted
(3) Linguistically:thissongalsoincludealotof...sothatsscouldreviewsomerelatedwords
from it
Pre-listening
In the pre-listening stage, there are 2 activities:
Activity 1: is a free talk. I will show a picture...and ask some ss to talk about the questions.questions 123....
This activity can help ss recall some words and expressions.
Activity 2: is predicting. Ask ss to predict what this passage talks about according to the topic they have talked. The purpose of the activity is to develop their predictingability.
While-listening
In the step of while-listening, students will listen to the tape for three times. For the first time of listening, ss should answer some general questions:
-what’s the main idea of this passage/conversation?
-which one is the best title of this passage Then i will check the answers with them.
Through this section, ss could know the main idea of this passage.
Next, i will play the listening material again, and ask them to finish some exercises.
-listen and decide which statement is correct
-fill in the blanks
In this section, ss will develop some basic skills of listening, that is, to grasp the key words. Also, they can deepe
For the last listening, i will play the listening material and ask them to read after it. Ss can check understanding and develop the habit of reflection。
Post-listening
role-play
In the post-reading stage, i set a role-play activity. Ss will be divided into...groups.Imagine one student...theothersactasthey canusethe wordsandexpressions that we’ve learned in the
while-stage. I willgivethemminutes.Theniwillinviteseveralgroupstoperforminfrontofthe
class. During their preparation, i will walk around the classroom to see whether ss have some questions. After their performance, i will give my comment and try to encourage them.
Role-play is an interesting activity. Ss can be highly motivated and take part in actively. The activity can integrate reading with speaking, develop their communicative competence and
promote their cooperative ability.
Summary&ho mework
The last step is summary and homework.
As for summary, I will ask one student to conclude what we have learned this class. And then make a summary together.
The purpose of this step is to let ss recall what we’ve learnt today, and consolidate key words and sentencestructures.
After class, students arerequiredtoThis can help consolidate today’slearning.
Reading
Let’s come to the most important part of the lesson, the analysis of teaching procedures. It can be divided into 5 steps,that is, warming-up, pre-reading, while-reading, post-reading and summary and homework.
Warm-up
In this period, i will....and after..., i will ask ss ...question1..question2, and then tell ss these pictures are about ....
(4) Thematically: This song/video/ these pictures is closely related to the topic of this lesson. /ss can have a primary understanding of thetopic
(5) Affectively,sostudentswouldbehighlymotivated/beverygladtopaytheirattentiontothis
lesson/ ss’s interests will be aroused and attention can be attracted
Linguistically: this song/these pictures also include a lot of key words and key structures, so that ss could review some related words fromit
Pre-reading
In the pre-reading stage, there are 2 activities:
Activity 1: is a free talk. I will show a picture...and ask some ss to talk about the questions.questions 123....
This activity can help ss recall some words and expressions.
Activity 2: is predicting. Ask ss to predict what this passage talks about according to thetopic they have talked. The purpose of the activity is to develop their predictingability.
While-reading
For the first time of reading, students should answer some general questions:
-what’s the main idea of this passage/conversation?
-which one is the best title of this passage Then i will check the answers with them.
This step can help them understand the main idea and main structure of this passage, they can also improve their reading speed in this way.
After ss get the general idea, they need to read the passage paragraph by paragraph and find some detailed information. For example, i will askquestionslikei will guide them to answer.all
these questions will be graded from easy to difficult.I will give them several minutes each time. This section can develop ss’ scanning strategies, and also promote their cognitivethinking.
For the third time of reading, i will ask students do some exercises to learn the key words and expressions in the passage to improve students’ linguistic competence.
Post-reading
role-play
In the post-reading stage, i set a role-play activity. Ss will be divided into...groups.Imagine one student...the others act as....they can use the words and expressions that we’ve learned in the while-stage. I will give them ...minutes. Then i will invite several groups to perform in front of the class. During their preparation, i will walk around the classroom to see whether ss have some questions. After their performance, i will give my comment and try to encourage them.
Role-playisaninterestingactivity.Sscanbehighlymotivatedandtakepartinactively.The
activitycan check ss’mastery of thetargetlanguage,integratereadingwith speaking, develop
their communicative competence and promote their cooperative ability.
Summary&ho mework
The last step is summary and homework.
As for summary, I will ask one student to conclude what we have learned this class. And then make a summary together.
The purpose of this step is to let ss recall what we’ve learnt today, and consolidate key wordsand sentencestructures.
After class, students are required to .....This can integrate reading with writing, and promote
students’ ability of creativity and independent thinking.
8. Blackboarddesign
Here are my blackboard design. I set 3 parts to present my contents of this class. The firstpartis, thesecond
part is ....and the finalpartisin this way, ss can see the content we’ve learned today clearly andorderly.
That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
說課稿寫作
Good morning, dear judges, my name is jiangli. It is my great honor to stand here to interpret my lesson. My presentation consists of the following parts: analysis of teaching content, analysis of students, teaching aims, teaching key and difficult points, teaching methods, teaching aids, teaching procedures, summaryand homework and finally blackboarddesign.
1. analysis of teachingmaterial
Let me start with analysis of teaching content. The topic of this lesson is through this lesson, ss will know
how to they can express their views properly and logically.
2. Analysis ofss
Secondly, let’s talk about the ss. Ss in junior middle school......
(1) Existing knowledge and ability: have already mastered certain words andphrase.
(2) Cognitiveandthinkingcharacteristics:areactive,curiousandinterestedin, but they may havedifficulties
in.....
(3) Life or daily experience: are familiar with this experience/ haveexperienced......
(4) Hobbies and interests: will be excited about this topic, and willing to express their opinionsfreely.
what i need to do is to broaden their horizons and inspire them. Of course, we should also pay attention to the accuracy and appropriateness of their language.
3. teachingaims
According to the new curriculum standard in English, the lesson adopts a three dimensional teaching aim.
(1) Knowledgeaim
By the end of the lesson, ss will be able to Master the expression such as ...
(2) Abilityaim
By the end of the lesson, ss will be able to Master the organizing structure of ...
improve their writing skills Be familiar with the topic of
(3) Emotionalaim
By the end of the lesson, ss will be able to Improve their interest in English writing Improve their sense of cooperation
4. Teaching key & difficultpoints
The key point is to lead ss to use the structure of
The difficult point is to help students use ....to...in their daily life.
5. Teaching methods Process approach towriting
Which not pay attention to the product of writing, also but the activities before and after writing
6. Teachingprocedures
Listening
Let’s come to the most important part of the lesson, the analysis of teaching procedures. It can be divided into 5 steps,that is, warming-up, pre-listening, while-listening, post-listening and summary and homework.
Warming-up
In this period, i will show ss some pictures. And talk freely.these pictures are closely related to the topic of this lesson. During the free talk, we will review some key words and structure.
The purpose is to prepare ss linguistically, thematically and affectively. so students would be highly motivated/ be very glad to pay their attention to this lesson/ ss’s interests will bearoused and attention can beattracted.
Pre-writing
In the pre-writing stage,i will create a situation and ask ss questions:
---
Then i will encourage ss to brainstorm in their groups. They have 5 minutes to prepare. By a lively discussion, students will have materials in mind and will be interested in writing.
then i will invite several groups to share their ideas with us. I will present the key points on the blackboard, such as...also, i will work out the outline with students together.
This step can lay a good foundation for the writing step, through this activity, ss will be inspired and they can accumulate more information about the topic and alsolearn to
communicate their ideas with others.
While-listening
Based on the above discussion, it will be much easier for them to complete their articles individually within ten minutes. They need to pay attention to the spelling, grammar and punctuation in writing.
The purpose of this step is that ss can focus on writing and promote independent thinking.
Post-listening
Peer editing:
After they finish the writing, i will ask my ss to exchange their articles with their deskmates and check the organization, grammar, spelling, and punctuation of their writings. I will ask my ss to evaluate the writing in detail and point out advantages and disadvantages.
Peer editing is a very useful way for ss to revise their articles, and it also can foster their spirit
of cooperation with others.
Summary&ho mework
The last step is summary and homework.
As for summary, I will ask one student to conclude what we have learned this class. And then make a summary together.
The purpose of this step is to let ss recall what we’ve learnt today, and consolidate key words and sentence structures.
After class, students are required to polish up their articles. By doing this, ss will consolidate
【關鍵詞】初中聽說教學 存在問題 解決策略
【Abstract】English is a language,the language cannot leave heard that,the two complement each other,inseparable.This paper analyzes some problems existing in current junior middle school teaching,puts forward the corresponding countermeasure,to enhance the importance of teachers’ understanding of teaching listening,heard that teaching mutual,correct understanding,in order to increase the effectiveness of teaching.
【Key words】junior high school teaching problem; solving strategy
一、前言
英語作為重要的載體之一,已成為人類生活各個領域中使用最廣泛的語言?!队⒄Z課程標準》和《初中英語教學大綱》對學生的口語能力提出了明確的要求,《英語課程標準》和大綱的二級目標與要求指出“學生能復述課文大意;講述與本學段水平相當的小故事并參與簡單的模擬和角色扮演的活動;能就熟悉的話題進行交流”。
根據《英語課程標準》,語言技能包括聽、說、讀、寫技能以及這四種技能綜合運用能力。聽和說是口語,口語是書面語的有聲形式,口語是第一性的,書面語是第二性的。聽說教學是英語學習的先決條件,聽說水平的高低在一定程度上反映了一個學生的英語整體水平。英語聽說課的教育旨在提高學生的聽力理解能力和口語交際水平,力求促進學生英語素質的全面發展。
二、聽說教W中存在的主要問題
目前英語聽說教學雖有很大程度的發展,但還存在著一些問題,主要有以下幾種情況:
1.心理障礙。由于基本功不夠扎實,語音語調不夠正確規范,詞匯、句型、語法訓練不夠,朗讀、背誦等基本功不夠火候等因素,學生很容易產生恐懼和畏難情緒,導致形成心理障礙。
2.聽說練習的方式不夠靈活。部分聽說教學課,較多的采用聽說分離,聽就只是聽,說就只是說,沒有很好地理解聽與說的關系,沒有采用生動活潑、多樣的方式開展聽說教學。
3.文化背景知識的障礙。由于學生知識面狹窄,也不具備英美歷史的語言文學知識,所以大多數學生不了解英美國家人民的生活習慣,文化背景,風土人情及生活方式,聽力理解便產生一定困難。
4.詞匯不足。部分學生沒有扎實的英語基礎,英語的詞匯量明顯不足,掌握的準確性不夠,直接影響到聽說水平的提高。
三、聽說教學改善的對策
聽說是人們進行語言交際的重要手段,是學習英語的重要途徑之一。針對上面存在的問題,我們可采取以下措施改善聽說教學,提高學生的聽說能力:
1.鼓勵學生開口說英語。學生開始說英語時,教師應熱情鼓勵和及時幫助,適當引導學生說下去。對于口語表達能力有所提高的學生,教師要及時表揚,要幫助學生樹立自信心,使學生看到自己的進步。
2.培養學生小組合作。教師可以培養學生小組合作,通過示范、設計多種形式的情景,讓學生自動參與進行各種角色的扮演或自由表達等方式,提供學生合作學習的機會,使他們在學習中互幫互助、充滿自信。
3.培養學生對英語文化的了解。教師應根據教材編寫的內容,引導學生了解英語國家文化及中國文化的異同,拓展學生的知識面,激發學生學習英語的興趣。
4.提高學生的詞匯量。詞匯是構成語言最基本的材料,擴大詞匯量是提高學生聽、說、讀,寫能力的前提。提前教會學生學習英語詞匯的方法。
5.盡量用英語組織課堂教學,培養聽說的習慣。在英語教學中教師要創設一定的語言環境,為學生營造寬松和諧的聽說氛圍,不知不覺地產生英語語感和悟性,自然而然地就想用英語表達出來。
6.充分利用現代媒體技術,學習模仿。教師要求學生在理解聽力材料的基礎上,模仿錄音帶及多媒體畫面中人物的語音語調,大聲朗讀對話及課文,培養學生的語感。另外還可以下載一些動畫片配音的視頻軟件,進一步激發學生學習熱情。
7.組織英語課外活動。通過組織課外活動如英語演講比賽、英語朗誦比賽、英語海報設計比賽、情景劇比賽、簡短的辯論賽等活動,鼓勵學生在課余時間多用英語,靈活地使用英語,創造寬容、和諧的口語交際環境。
四、總結
如今,新課標的顯著特點就是重視口語教學,加大聽說能力的訓練。我們作為教師,應提高認識、加強自身素質、創造語言環境、培養聽說技巧等方面改進聽說教學方法。初中英語聽說教學,要注意培養學生的自信心,培養他們的興趣,在教學過程中,運用多種教學方法,加強學生聽說能力的培養,促進教學質量的提高。英語聽說能力的培養是一個由量變到質變的過程,需要做到循序漸進、持之以恒。
參考文獻:
一、貫徹“聽說領先”教學法策略
美國心理語言學家Wilga M. Rivers認為,聽的過程不僅是一個接收的過程而且還是一個建立的過程。第一階段是感覺階段,學習者能粗略地識別,根據自己學習第一語言的經驗對所聽的材料進行初步的切分音段,這基本上是一個被動和接收的階段。第二階段是識別階段,學習者把所接收的信號一個一個地加以識別,把已經識別的與正在識別的聯系起來,這個識別過程是積極的、細致的。第三階段為領悟和建立階段,學習者通過認知系統重復一遍所聽的材料,而且不時地把已經理解的東西與聽到的加以對照和修正,通過重新理解,使所聽材料成為一種比較容易保留的形式被存入記憶里。這樣,理解了的材料得到了改變,被保留下來的是語義信息。
筆者一直堅持在英語課堂教學中采取課文教學聽說領先法。在講授每單元的新課文時,把聽說訓練同課文教學緊密地結合起來,堅持讓學生先聽錄音,根據所聽內容回答課文有關的問題。教師提問必須有一般問句,也有特殊問句,內容有簡單的,也有復雜的。這樣可以讓水平不同的學生都能參與進來,真正達到培養訓練學生聽、說能力的目的。講課文時筆者不僅堅持用英語組織教學,而且力圖使自己的語音語調準確規范,富有表現力。學生提問或回答問題也盡可能地使用英語。新課文講完后,要求學生背誦該課文,在此基礎上引導學生學會歸納大意進行復述或表演課文內容。課文教學以外還可堅持聽寫訓練,聽寫的內容可以是課文中的單詞、短語、句子或課文縮寫。這也是強化聽力訓練的有效方法。
二、以多種形式在課堂教學中滲透聽說訓練
1. 有效利用課堂教學資源,加強聽力訓練,增加語言輸入與儲備。筆者不但堅持在課堂上大量聽,廣泛聽,聽電臺,聽電視臺英語廣播,聽英文歌曲等,同時還要求學生大量說,廣泛說英語,幫助他們養成大聲朗誦英語的習慣,教他們學唱英文歌曲等。并且落實每周三、周五早讀的英語聽力訓練,還針對普遍的錯誤進行講評,要求學生背誦聽力材料中優美的段落等。
2. 堅持要求學生課前三分鐘講英語。筆者先編寫具代表性的報告范文,印發給學生,選定幾名語音語調好的學生先做值日示范,再由全班同學輪流做值日報告。報告內容可以是學校生活、小故事和自由談話等。最初可按如下幾個程序進行:“I’m on duty today. Today is Monday. It’s cloudy today. We are all here...”隨著句型、詞匯的增多,學生還可按當天實際情況增加內容,應用剛學的詞匯和句型進行操練。筆者還引導鼓勵學生有計劃地進行鞏固所學知識的口語訓練及一些交際性訓練。
3. 將讀聽教學結合起來,通過閱讀傳授必要的聽力技巧與策略。我國外語教學長期以來十分重視并強調讀寫之間緊密相聯,無論是課程設置還是客觀學習條件,甚至是試題的分值都是向著提高閱讀理解能力傾斜,造成學生的英語閱讀理解率與其英語聽力理解率之間存在顯著差異。其實適當使用配有錄音的語言材料進行英語閱讀訓練,更有助于提高學生的閱讀流暢性,也有助于提高閱讀速度與整體的語篇理解率。筆者將英語閱讀和聽力視為一個接受性語言技能整體,并以此來組織和實施英語教學,如充分利用與課文配套的錄音進行閱讀教學,不但讀前聽,還要讀后聽,增加聽力輸入的次數。將閱讀適時地引入聽力教學中,營造一種“以讀助聽、以聽助讀”的聽力技能訓練環境,使每位學生能借助自身的英語閱讀優勢,有效提高英語聽力水平。同時,筆者指導學生聽獨白或短文時要養成找中心詞與主題句的習慣, 通過整體的語篇理解幫助獲取信息。
4. 將聽力口語和寫作練習結合起來進行講解。例如人教版新目標八年級Unit 6 “I am more outgoing than her.” Section B 2a,聽力原文如下:
Interviewer: Who is your best friend, Holly?
Holly: Pete.
Interviewer: Why is he a good friend?
Holly: Because he likes to do the same things as I do. He’s good at sports.
Interviewer: Are you good at sports, too?
Holly: Well, I like sports, but Pete’s more athletic than me. I’d say we’re both pretty outgoing, though.
Interviewer: What else do you like about Pete?
Holly: He’s funnier than I am, and he’s wilder,I’m a little quieter.
Interviewer: How about you, Maria? Who’s your best friend?
Maria: My best friend is Vera.
Interviewer: What do you like about her?
Maria: Well, she’s a good listener, and she can keep a secret- that’s important to me.
Interviewer: Is she a lot like you?
Maria: Some people say that we look alike. We are both tall, and we both have long curly hair. But Vera is much quieter than me, and she’s also smarter. I’m more outgoing.
可針對這段聽力材料先進行聽力訓練,再要求學生將所聽到的信息串聯起來,進行寫作練習,然后把自己所寫的內容以口語訓練的形式復述出來。寫作范文如下:Holly’s best friend is Pete. He likes to do the same things as Holly does. Holly is quieter than Pete. Pete is funnier and more athletic. They are both pretty outgoing. Maria’s best friend is Vera. They look alike, but Maria is more outgoing. Vera is much healthier and she is also smarter than Maria.
5. 將聽力和語法結合起來進行講解。如對人教版新目標九年級Unit 6 “I like music that I can dance to.”語法定語從句的講解,可先聽一段幾個人評價喜歡什么樣的音樂的聽力材料,再聽填信息,將定語從句的關系代詞挖空讓學生填空,同時加以講解。該聽填信息材料如下:
第一節:
Betty: Oh, look!There’s the new Cool Kids’CD.
Tony: The Cool Kids? Do you like them?
Betty: Oh, yeah. They’re my favorite band樂隊. I like music _____ (that/which) I can dance to.
Tony: You’re kidding. I think they’re awful(難聽的). I prefer music____ (that/which)has great lyrics...music ______(that/which) I can sing along with.
Betty: I like songs I can sing along with too. So what’s your favorite band?
Tony: The Lions. Their words are interesting and ...
第二節:
Xu Fei: Look, Carmen. These T-shirts are great!Look at this one.
Carmen: What a great T-shirt, Xu Fei. I really love Dan Dervish. I like musicians(音樂家) _______(that/who) play different kinds of music.
Xu Fei: Hmmm...he’s Okay...
Carmen: He’s only Okay?! You must be joking.
Xu Fei: Well…I like musicians _______(who)write their own songs. Dan Dervish doesn’t write his own music.
Carmen: Hmm, well, I think he’s great.
Xu Fei: The Modern’s T-shirt is interesting.
Carmen: The Modern are really great. I love music ______ (that)is really loud and energetic.
【關鍵詞】 初中英語 聽說課 策略
初中英語教學中,教師在課堂教學里要創造新鮮的英語語境,設法結合學生的實際生活,讓他們主動參加實踐的語言活動,讓語言的意義和語言的形態相關聯,讓學生的實際生活及語言的形態相關聯,從中促使學生語言能力和語言技巧得到更好地提高。
1. 激勵學習興趣,養成良好聽說習慣
學生在接觸新的知識時都會有十分濃厚的好奇心理和新鮮感,對將要開始的英語學習也是一樣。教師在進行教學時要適當的調動學生的這個心理,輔助學生培養出較好的聽說習慣,讓學生在開始學習英語時就養成聽和說的習慣,能夠積極的對問題實行提問與回答以及培育出學生對錄音進行模仿的習慣。教師可以對學生創設讀、說的有利條件來引導學生積極開始聽說,例如,給學生進行教學時可以利用“Thank you”、“I’m sorry”、“Hello”和“Good morning”等禮貌用語來進行指導,用容易的教學語言開始給學生進行教學,例如,反復運用一些常用到的詞匯比如:“Read after me” “Look at the blackboard”等等,通過這些多次重復練習,使學生們聽的次數開始增加以后,讓學生們的腦子里產生一定的記憶,讓他們體會到自身的成就感取得滿足的同時也學到了知識。
2. 上課前三分鐘講英語
把每次的課前三分鐘留給學生,安排他們一個一個地用英語來進行自我評價和值日報告等。開始這種活動時,教師首先編寫出有相互象征性的報告用作范文,并且打印出來發給學生,從中選擇出幾個在語調及語音方面都顯現比較良好的同學做代表,讓他們逐個地在全班同學面前通過做類似于同學們在學校里的生活、平常生活中的自由談話以及某些小故事為內容的報告。按照下面“I’m on duty today. It’s Sunny today. Today is Monday. We are all here ...”等形式做為報告內容的開始。一直到學生們可以掌握到的詞匯和句型數目增多以后,就引導學生們通過綜合上節課里學到的內容再按照現實情況自己來添加內容。教師聽過學生們說出的內容之后,教師必須要對學生們進行點評,如果學生說的好的地方需要教師進行適當地夸獎,并且對學生說的有問題的內容也要及時告訴他們同時幫助他們糾正。
3. 鼓勵用英語相互交談,讓學生提高英語興趣
促進教師開展聽說鍛煉及培養學生對學習英語產生興趣的基礎在于英語教學的本身要有好的開始。教師在課堂教學時,要做到進一步地開拓教學內容,盡量把學生們的生活與英語教學內容相融合,引導學生產生濃厚的求知欲,更好地提升學生們的學習興趣。另外,對學生的學習心理要進行有效的指引,當學生運用英語來進行相互交談時,要予以恰當的鼓勵,這樣不但能達到讓學生們感受新型的語言在交談時所帶來的樂趣,還能幫助增強學生在聽說口語方面的本領。對于一些剛開始接觸英語的學生,通常在口語方面的能力相對較差,很容易產生各式各類的錯誤,對于這類學生,教師應該選擇一些比較合適他們的話題和交談內容,并且利用課堂對這些學生進行正確的引導,課堂里所學到的范文和練習冊上的最簡單的交流用語和小短文,類似于:“NO”、“Yes”、“Good morning.”、Hi.”和“Can I help you?”等做為材料,也可以做為學生們相互交談的內容。
4. 鼓勵學生勇敢說,細心聽
學生聽的能力和說的能力要從初中英語教學時就必須緊抓不放,這樣學生的聽說能力和知識積累才能同步提高。通過長期進行有效的鍛煉后,不但使學生的聽說能力提升,而且還能使學生的閱讀能力及寫作能力也有顯著的提高。在進行練習的時候對練習的方法以及方式也要更加注重,盡可能地做到簡單易懂,講清楚次要,比如有的人問“Have you had yourbreakfast?”的時候,不能講“Yes, I have had my breakfast.”我們就應當答道“Yes, I had.”。另外,在初中英語的教學中,學生聽說能力的高低,并不在于學生掌握詞匯量的多少,而是學生在日常生活中是否敢于表達,不必在乎對錯。像這樣經過創建問題情景,學生會帶上問題去分析、思索、處理。學生在問題和相對應的談話與溝通中思想得以開拓,在聽說的互動過程中使英語交流本領得以提升。從而經過這樣長期有效的聽說練習,使學生們逐步積累學習經驗,從而使學生們的聽說能力得到顯著提升。
5. 結束語
綜上所述,在初中英語教學中要想有效帶動學生聽、說的能力,在教學過程中就要對培養學生聽的能力和說的能力采用合理的方式,能夠更大地幫助學生們提高英語學習能力。
參考文獻
關鍵詞:英語教學;說話訓練;課堂設計
中圖分類號:G633.4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1003-8809(2010)10-0132-02
隨著科技和文化的不斷發展,人類社會越來越成為一個相互依靠的整體,每個國家和個人,為了適應這一整體的發展,需要打破語言界限,以便更快地溝通思想、相互交流、調整個體的活動。英語,成了一門世界通用的非常重要的交際語言。現在我們的教學目標就是為了把學生培養成具有較高的綜合語言能力的人才。
1、利用所學教材,由教師精心組織教學內容,在學生預習的基礎上,讓他們以主人翁的態度進行半機械的反饋練習,通過這樣的練習,能進一步強化學生的記憶,活躍思維,為更高層次的說話訓練打下扎實的基礎。主要的方法有:
①以提問的方式來檢查學生對課文理解的程度
如在《新概念英語》第二冊的第八十九課“A Slip oftheTongue”中,設置的有關課文理解的問題有淺層的和深層的兩類。淺層問題如:What will people do anything for?What gotround inthe to wn according to the text?How did people react to it?等等,關于以上問題的回答,學生只要理解課文的表層意義就足矣。那么,對于深層問題的回答,學生懂其內涵是非常重要的。
②以True or False Statement要求學生作出正誤判斷,并當答寨是F時,要求學生陳述理由。
③教師用已學過的詞或詞組替換掉文中的新詞及詞組,要求學生運用新詞及詞組重現教師的句子。
2、以上三點是課堂內以課文為依托的說話訓練的開始曲,是半控制階段的操練,教師可以期待學生的答案,那么在理順了課文的前后關系以后,應該在語言操練的交際活動的基礎上,抽出典型的語言結構進行操練。這里,語言結構是指值得仿說的句型。當然,必須先由教師準確地呈現,然后利用各種方法,充分發揮學生的想象力及創造性,進一步培養說話的能力。
①教師提供情景
在八十九課中,句型People will do anything to…even if…教師呈現的情景是:Beijing Duck is a world famous dish.學生:Visitorsfrom all parts 0fthe world will do anythingtotryBeijingDuck evenifthey haveto queueforalongtime.
②教師給出幾個句子,學生根據句型連接成句
在八十九課學到We have hadto…andtheremusthave…一句時,教師給出的句子是:They had to climbtheHuan Shan-Mountainforfive hoursto get to thetop.Some 0fthemwereexhausted.They gave up halfway.學生經過分析、整理出:Theyhad toclimb the Huan Shan Mountain for five hours and theremust havebeen some people who gave up halfway.
③教師給出題材
在九十課“Brasilia”一文中的句型:The ideato…,will-have a(great)effecton…
在教師的例句:The idea toimprove English through imitationpractice has proved to havea grea t effect on students’English study之后,給出:importadvanced foreign technology學生就能仿說出:The idea to importadvanced technology wiU have a great effect onthedevelopment ofour country.
④教師給出例句,讓學生根據各自不同的經歷及學識,充分發揮想象力,積極思維,迅速用英文組織材料,表達自己。
通過上述不同的句型在不同的情景中的具體操練,更好地揭示了句型結構的運用,學生更易理解句子的意義,能把注意力集中在語言的意義上,使學生忘卻句型本身隱含的難度。這樣,達到了句型操練的意義化,為更高形式的交際活動打下基礎。
3、在積累了一定的語言材料和句型結構的基礎上,教師就可以引導學生進入到第三步――也就是小段的操練上,如就文中某一人或物再現文中句子或發表個人觀點;課文的復述;續寫課文;課文中心思想的概括。不同的年級應掌握相應的難度。
①就文中某一人或物再現文中句子或發表個人觀點
在七十三課“The Record Holder”一文中,圍繞文中的男孩可以說很多。如:The boy didn’t like so hool.He played truant,Hehiteh―hiked to many places and travelled 1,600 miles.Hewaspi eked up by apoliceman ontheFrench―Spanish horderandwassent backhome.以上小段的內容主要來自課文,但學生根據自己對課文的理解,重新進行了組織。這是一種創造活動。學生也可根據自己的理解,加入自己的觀點。The boy’s very naughty.He wasnot well--behaved.He made his parents worried.He proba-blydidn’t enjoy schoollife.這一小段的呈現說明了學生不僅徹底理解了課文,更重要的是他已經與他的同學們和老師在交流自己對于這個男孩的看法了。是一種更高級的思維活動。
②課文復述。要求學生盡量用自己的話、學過的詞及詞組重新組織課文內容,以期新舊知識結合,達到融會貫通之目的。
如在七十五課“SOS”中,教師可以根據學生的不同英語水平,給出一些詞及詞組以降低難度:alight passengerplane--crashed--awoman and two babymorning--heard--stamp--SOS--a pilot--rescued.學生很快就能說出:A lightpassenger plane crashed in the mountains.A womanand her twobaby--daughters were unhurt fortunately.Snow lav
thick onthe ground.Th e woman turned the suitcase into a bed atnightand put her two babies in it.The next morning
she heard aplane flving over and she stamped out SOS in thesnow.Itwasseen bythe pilot.They were rescued allast by a heli-copter.
③中心思想的概括
低段的高中學生還不太善于較長篇幅地連貫表達自己,這樣給予提示是比較恰當的。如第八十九課中,給出的提示是“概要”中的內容:points 1.local cinema――packed,2.P&u BirdSeed Co.3.Presenting free variety show 4.Many artists should…5.Fatedto turn up 6.Show very dull 7.Funny thing――8.Advertiserintroduced programme saying 9.This……gendemen
隨著大連市EPU教學模式的深入開展,結合《英語課程標準》的推廣和普及,初中英語聽說課的課堂千姿百態,同校老師間差異較大,課堂效率低等問題相應出現,對于高質量課堂的呼聲就越來越高了。
本學期開學初,學校開展了“百師百課”教學課題研究活動。我受到啟發,想趁此機會研究適合我校發展、適應我校學生學習的聽說課模。三月初開始,我自己開始收集資料,確立了以力求創新,在高品質課堂的大前提下盡力開發亮點課堂。以聽說課Module6 Unit1 《Could you tell me how to get to the National Stadium?》為研究課例,展開了教學研究,先后通過個人備課、集體研討、集體備課、課前修改整合教學設計、教學實踐、反思修改、再次教學實踐、再次反思修改等若干步驟完成了聽說課模的建立。從教學效果來看,研究成果是喜人的。
二、具體研究的步驟與方法
初中英語聽說課模研究的具體實施過程是這樣的:
Module6 Around town
Unit1 Could you tell me how to get the National Stadium?
學生年級:初中一年級下
教學內容:外研版《英語》(新標準)Module6 Unit1
(一) 教學內容分析
本模塊的主要教學內容是學習“指路與問路”的各種表達方式,并能通過閱讀地圖標出路線及具置?!皢柭放c指路”是貼近生活的話題,易喚起學生學習的興趣和使用語言表達的意愿,教師應充分利用這個話題展開教學活動。
本模塊中的聽、說、讀、寫等活動都圍繞指路、問路、地點和方位等展開,給學生提供了充足的體驗(Experience)和運用(Use)語言的機會。
第一單元的課文修訂后變動較大,雖然還是圍繞在天安門廣場進行問路與指路的話題,但是弱化了使學生產生為難情緒的專有名詞,將它們改成了一些普通名詞,突出了“問路與指路”的表達方式,也體現了教學中的“教新句型用簡單詞匯”這一符合學生認知特點的原則。我將圍繞這一話題積極整合和拓展教學資源,設計豐富的活動,創設生動的情境,引導學生參與教學實踐,發揮主體作用,以便提升其綜合語言運用的能力。
本單元的主要教學重點內容是學習“問路與指路”的各種表達方式;本單元難點在于“問路與指路”的各種表達方式易混。
(二)教學目標
1.知識目標
能夠熟練使用turn,take,excuse me等動詞和動詞短語;street, bank, museum等名詞;方位介詞along, across, opposite等詞匯。
2.語法目標
能夠掌握指路和問路的功能句,并對一區域進行描述;注意地點和方位介詞的準確使用。
3.技能目標
聽力目標:能夠聽懂有關問路和指路的簡短對話,并能用英語問路和指路。
說的目標:能夠使用問路和指路的功能句描述路線和位置關系。
4.情感目標
樂于參與運用英語的實踐活動,樂于了解著名景點及其文化,對家鄉充滿熱愛。
(三)教學資源與工具設計
1.教師教學資源
主要包括教材提供的資源,外研通點讀筆,OHP和PPT教學課件。
2.學生學習資源和工具
多媒體教室、教材、PPT教學課件。
*注:PPT教學課件中的聽力錄音材料及圖片等內容均取自教師用書配套光盤。
(四)教學過程
略
三、課題研究取得的成果
(一) 學生方面
1.學生學習積極性大大提升,且師生關系十分和諧。創設的教學情境符合實際生活,使得學習氣氛較為寬松,學生心理上不壓抑。自信心得到了提升,自尊心得到了維護。聽說訓練和語言知識的學習漸漸形成良性循環。
2.先后在本校和周邊兄弟學校――濱海學校的不同班級講授同一節聽說課,在學情基本一致的兩所學校中,課上學生都表現出積極參與的熱情。在調動學生方面,這一聽說課模有效地調動了學生應用語言解決實際問題的意愿,感知先行,應用在后,這中間充實的是知識和能力的學習過程,技能和方法的訓練把關。學生的主體地位因此凸顯出來,這些喜人的變化都是符合《英語課程標準》理念的。
(二)教師方面
通過對教學資源的整合,進一步提升教師的教學設計能力,達到運用得心應手的境界。教師對學生學習策略的指導也更加切合實際,真正做到發現學生的問題,找到符合學生認知特點的教學手段,引導學生在聽說課上大膽發言,上臺展示語言學習成果,同伴之間合作互助完成教學任務。這樣的教學研究與實踐,有以下幾方面的意義:
第一,可實現在教師指導下,落實學生主體地位,為實現學生聽說課主動發展的主觀意愿提供了方法。
第二,可實現學生自主學習能力的提高,提高起學生課堂學習活動參與度與構建語言知識學習新模式。
第三,可以在重新整合教材的過程中,不斷創新,最大化利用現有的教學資源,在創新課模的過程中拓展高品質課堂的內涵。
四、存在的問題
1.現代化教學手段的應用能力存在教師間差異,難以做到人人運用自如。
2.優化課堂教學模式上還需探索。
3.如何更加合理、整合更多的課程資源,需要更多的同伴加入到這個聽說課模的建設中來。一己之力始終不足以成就非凡的效果。
五、結語
在英語課程改革的過程中,中學教師在新課程理念下的聽說教學中,應著力探究聽說課模建設,準確把握聽說教學的廣度與深度,不斷探索和研究聽說教學的理念和方法。
【參考文獻】
關鍵詞 初中英語 聽說課 教學
中圖分類號:G424 文獻標識碼:A
Improving the Effectiveness of the Teaching of English Listening
and Speaking Lessons in Junior High Schools
――Taking the Teaching of Unit5 Films Reading1 Hollywood's all-time
best-Audrey Hepburn of Oxford English (9A) for Example
ZHANG Jinglu
(Nanjing No. 3 Junior High School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210001)
Abstract Full-time Junior Middle School English Syllabus of Nine-year Compulsory Education (for Trial) pointed out that “the input of listening and reading should be appropriately expanded in English teaching so as to indeed improve students’ comprehensive abilities in applying English through large numbers of language practical activities. Therefore, enhancing the listening and speaking teaching of middle school English and giving full play to English communication ability is the guarantee of implementing the spirit of The Syllabus and comprehensively improving middle school students’ English quality and also the law of language teaching. Based on the summary on the teaching situations of a district open class in Nanjing, the paper puts forward some thoughts on improving the effectiveness of English listening and speaking lessons.
Key words middle school English; listening and speaking lessons; teaching
筆者在南京市一次區級公開課上向同行展示了一節聽說課,課后對此次教學情況進行了整理,并結合此案例,談談自己對英語聽說課教學的有效性的一些思考。
1 案例描述與點評
1.1 教材分析
筆者所在學校采用的是譯林版《牛津初中英語》教材。本課是Reading的第一課時,主要介紹好萊塢著名影星奧黛麗?赫本的演藝事業及成就。
1.2 教學過程
Step 1: Warm-up
(1)Ask students: Do you have idols? Why do you like him or her?(2)Tell students I also have my idol, her name is Audrey Hepburn.(3)Show three pictures of Audrey Hepburn.
(設計意圖:用三幅圖片引出話題,學生通過自己描述圖片,逐漸熟悉赫本此人。)
點評:學生對于奧黛麗?赫本并不熟悉,因此在warm-up的環節需對其進行一個簡單介紹。所選的三幅圖片很具代表性。第一幅圖是年輕,美麗,優雅的赫本(引出beauty一詞);第二幅圖是手捧奧斯卡獎杯的赫本,由此學生知道赫本是一位出色的女演員(引出actress一詞);第三幅圖是與來自不同國家的貧困孩子一起合影的赫本,經教師提示,學生能推斷出赫本對慈善事業有著自己偉大的貢獻(引出humanitarian一詞)。
Step 2: While-reading
(1)First listening: What is the evaluation(評價) of Audrey Hepburn around the world?
(設計意圖:學生對其要聽的話題的主旨大意有所了解后,讓學生快速略讀所給問題,帶著問題聽音,有針對性地尋找答案,將會提高準確率。)
(2)Second listening: Do some “true” and “false” questions.
(設計意圖:通過第一遍的泛聽,學生已經大致了解文章主旨。第二遍的聽音引導學生對文章中的高級句型,情節和內容作更加深入的認知。)
Step 3: Reading: Students finish the exercises in the paper without reading books.
Brief Introduction
?Audrey is one of Hollywood’s all-time greatest _1_.
?When she died, the world _2_ a great lady.
Audrey’s Experiences
?Her _3_ were put into ballet training at first. ?She attracted Colette’s attention, because she is beautiful and _4_. ?Audrey was chosen to play the _5_role of the film Roman Holiday . ?In her TV series, what she acted _6_us that the environment needed our _7_. ?Audrey _8_the Presidential Medal of Freedom. ?In 1993, Audrey’s _9_made all her fans very sad.
Conclusion
?People remember Audrey as a(an)_10_as well as an actress.
(設計意圖:在多次的聽覺刺激之后,筆者給學生設計了一道任務型閱讀。此種類型的任務型閱讀是南京市中考的常見題型,也是極容易失分的題型之一。通過本題的訓練,學生能夠繼續鞏固在前面聽力中積累的信息,從而對文章句法結構與內容細節有更好的理解。)
點評:在平常的教學上,筆者認為應幫助學生拓寬聽力途徑,這包括課堂教學,聽力課和課外泛聽;要為學生提供適合的聽力資源,并遵循如下幾個原則:聽力材料真實,內容難度適宜,多使用口語詞匯,語音純真,重視泛聽;認知學生聽力方面的障礙,這包括語言內容上的障礙與心理上的障礙,并幫助學生矯正疏導各種障礙。學生在通過聽力理解全文后,筆者給學生安排的任務型閱讀能夠較好地檢驗之前所聽效果。同時,學生能夠進一步接觸所授新詞,中上層次的學生通過改變單詞形式,能夠更好掌握該詞的運用。
Step 4: Speaking
Group work: have a discussion
If we want to be successful like Audrey Hepburn, what should we do in our life?
(設計意圖:聽材料與任務型閱讀后,學生可以把所學內容用語言表達出來,在鞏固新學知識的同時,學會在力所能及的范圍內去幫助那些需要幫助的人,達成了情感與教育的目標。)
點評:《英語課程標準》(2011年版)規定,義務教育結束時,學生能就簡單的話題提供信息,表達簡單的觀點和意見,參與討論;能與他人溝通信息,合作完成任務。教材中描述了奧黛麗?赫本不僅是一位美麗迷人的女演員,而且是一位偉大的親善大使,在全世界受到愛戴。學生分組討論如果想像奧黛麗?赫本這樣成功,應該怎么做呢?學生一方面要說出只有努力才能獲得成功,一方面能體會出只有在力所能及的范圍內去幫助那些需要幫助的人,才是真正的成功。學生能運用以前學過的和本課堂新學的詞匯與句型說出他們的想法與建議,同時也達成了本課堂情感與教育的目標。
Step 5: Homework
Find some information of a famous person in a book or on the Internet. Show it to us next class.
(設計意圖:學生通過書本與網絡的途徑去尋找信息,其中必定包含各種形式,如文字, 圖片,視頻等。學生通過篩選得到有用的信息,整理后以presentation的方式向大家呈現,對于口語的提高有很大幫助。)
2 課后反思
2.1 聽力訓練要主次分明
在本節課中,筆者圍繞聽力策略來設計教學活動。首先,將聽前預測作為教學重點,通過展示奧黛麗?赫本的三幅具有代表性的圖片,自然地滲透了預測的聽力策略。安排學生通過泛聽來回答問題,使學生積極主動地預測將要聽到的內容,迅速捕捉核心信息,確定聽力重點。此外,筆者還設計了判斷正誤等題型,讓學生更深層次了解文章信息。訓練從易到難,引導學生在用中學,取得了較好的教學效果。
2.2 設置語言情境,讓學生想開口
語言是交流的工具。交際必然發生在一定的場合,使學生在情真意切的環境里感知,理解新語言的意義,用法,功能及作用,并通過操作與練習使學生達到“見景生情”的目的。學生對材料所介紹人物并不熟悉,但可以請學生介紹自己喜歡,熟知的人物,當然歡迎使用材料里新學的詞句。學生既愿意開口說,也鞏固了課堂所學內容,可謂一舉兩得。
2.3 重視學生的情感教育
作為一名教授語言的教師,筆者一直認為我們不僅僅在教授語言本身,我們也同樣在教授語言背后更有意義的東西――那就是如何激發學生們珍貴的情感。而這節課的話題――赫本在事業上的成就和對慈善事業的付出,正好提供了這個機會。在教學中,利用專業知識,利用一切可能的機會讓學生在學習語言的同時汲取情感素養的精華,從而接受品德教育,形成美好的心靈品格。
3 結束語
在本文所探討的課題中,筆者圍繞學習介紹一位名人這一教學目標設計了一節聽說課。本節課能夠針對設定的教學目標,對教學內容進行相應的拓展,同時開展了多種教學活動,如回答問題,填表格,判斷正誤,任務型閱讀,分小組討論等。這些活動層層鋪墊,由淺入深,環環相扣,讓學生在從聽力內容中獲取信息的同時學會了使用相關信息談論一位名人。在聽說教學中,教師應做到:突出學生主體地位,活動與主體吻合,先輸入后活動,先內化后輸出。這樣才能使學生在真實的情境中敢于說,樂于說,善于說。
參考文獻
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[3] 梁承鋒,張丹.初中英語新課堂教學法[M].北京:首都師范大學出版社,2010.
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